Above is a case of a parent DIV with a child DIV and no margins. The dotted line is a following element with no top margin.

.parent1 {background: #cfc; color: #000;  height: 100px;}
.child1 {background: #fcc; color: #000; height: 50px;}

<div class="parent1">
<div class="child1"></div>
</div>

Next is the parent and child with bottom margins.